Religious philosophy
[4][5] There are also philosophical concepts and reasoning in religious teachings that were conceived independently from one another but are still similar and reflect analogous ideas.
"[7][2] They are deemed intuitive, meaning that they arise without much direction, instruction, or coaching in the early stages of our intellectual development[8] and do not necessarily originate from cultural influence.
[9] Such religious concepts include beliefs concerning the "afterlife, souls, supernatural agents, and miraculous events.
[10] Such religious philosophies include karma, divine immanent justice, or providence, and also encompass theological concepts such as Trinity in Christianity or Brahman in Hinduism.
In the 11th century C.E., Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) reasoned in his work Proslogion about the existence of God in an ontological argument based on the idea that there is a 'being than which no greater can be conceived'.
[11][1][12] Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) extracted components of philosophical teaching relevant to Christianity, using philosophy as a means to demonstrate God's existence.
Leibniz reasoned that perfections are compatible as they are unable to be analysed, and therefore are able to exist in a single entity, thereby validating Descartes argument.
[30][31][32][33] Individuals who express a belief in God as an entity who controls destiny were more opposed to legalisation of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide.
[34][35] For example, religions such as Christian Science, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Hinduism, Islam, Jehovah's Witness, Seventh-day Adventist generally do not allow for or practice euthanasia.
[38] Considerations concerning medical care, death, diet, and pregnancy differ among followers of various religions due to their respective philosophies.
(Quran 5:32)Organ donation is generally endorsed,[22] through the principle that necessity overrides prohibition known as al-darurat tubih al-mahzurat.
[40][41] Objections to organ donation in Islamic religion is mainly originated on cultural foundations rather than religious philosophical ones, with their altruistic principle allowing for exceptions in regard to medical intervention, for example; involving porcine bone grafts and pork insulin.
[44][45] Islamic philosophies indicate that life is a divine, sacred gift, with Allah deciding how long each individual will live.
[46] Although the Qur'an states "Nor take life – which Allah has made sacred – except for just cause" (Quran 17:33), hadith literature indicates that despite intolerable pain and suffering, euthanasia is not condoned.
[40][41] Jewish philosophies hold great importance on the intact burial of the deceased persons due to halakhic foundations.
[22][52] Jewish philosophies in Rabbinical works generally condemn abortion, foeticide, or infanticide as it is viewed as an immoral action on human life.
