The Solidification/Stabilization method utilizes chemically reactive formulations that form stable solids that are non-hazardous or less-hazardous than the original materials.
[3] Common bonding agents include, but are not limited to, portland cement, lime, limestone, fly ash, slag, clay, and gypsum.
Because of the vast types of hazardous materials, each agent should be tested on the site before a full-scale project is put under way.
In situ S/S, accounting for 20% of S/S projects from 1982–2005, is used to mix binding agents into the contaminated material while remaining on the site.
[5] The governments of Canada and the province of Nova Scotia agreed in January 2007 to clean up the infamous Sydney Tar Ponds contaminated site using S/S technology.
[6] When the S/S process was complete, the solidified areas were covered with an engineered cap consisting of a clay, followed by layers of gravel and soil.
Approximately 8 acres (32,000 m2) of soil was contaminated by wood with arsenic, chromium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
When built, this power station was considered to be the biggest electric generating plant in the world.
[1] A 1,300,000-square-foot (120,000 m2) complex of mixed residential, office, retail and commercial space is being built on 15 acres (61,000 m2) of former industrial land in downtown Victoria that was contaminated by lead.
An environmental assessment showed that the site was contaminated due to the presence of heavy metals, lead and hydrocarbon pollution.
[10] A vacant 5-hectare property near the Welland Canal in St. Catharines had surface soil containing dangerous concentrations of lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a depth up to 0.4 m due to the past operations of an adjacent skeet shooting range.
About 26,000 tonnes of soil were treated using S/S to bring the contamination levels below the Ontario Land Disposal Regulations criteria.