The concept is related to cyber-physical systems through blurring of the virtual and physical worlds, however, applies specifically to the initial digital design of an object prior to production.
These relationships are then linked to physical sensors, allowing them to drive changes to the CAD model within the established parameters.
It is also enabled by the ability to directly manufacture one-off objects from digital data, using technologies such as 3D printing and computer numerical control (CNC) machines.
"[4] Calls to reduce reliance on GUIs and automate some of the design process connects with Mark Weiser's original vision of ubiquitous computing.
[8] Sound waves have also been popular to customize 3D models and produce sculptural forms of a baby's first cries,[9] or a favorite song.