It is part of the Lebanon County, Pennsylvania metropolitan statistical area.

[4] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2), all land.

There were 602 housing units at an average density of 385.5 per square mile (148.8/km2).

19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Richland has an active railroad crossing intersects the town square.