This was due to his strong premillennialist belief that when the Gospel of Jesus is spread to the entire world, then the Second Coming of Christ would happen.
Following his mother and two of his sisters, he left the Society of Friends and joined the South Parade Baptist Church in 1848.
It was further reported that Arthington was an anonymous donor of £5,000 to the Church Missionary Society to enhance mission expedition in Uganda.
They helped to create the written language of the natives, textbooks, dictionaries, and vernacular Bible (in parts).
[6][7][8] Arthington then turned his attention to the Kond people of Orissa, which resulted in mass conversion.
[9][10] Arthington made a total donation of £20,000 to the Leeds Hospital for Women and Children during his lifetime.
He bought a plot of land in Headingley Lane from Misses Marshall 1868 and built a large stone house there.
He cooked his own meals, wore the same cloth for seventeen years and made friends with students who were in need.
[4][13] By his restricted expenditure he could contribute large amounts of money to Christian missions for global evanglisation.
His ideology was led by premillennialism that the spread of Christianity would hasten the Second Coming of Christ as foretold in the Gospel.
The missionary wrote, "Were I in England again, I would gladly live in one room, make the floor my bed, a box my chair, another my table, rather than the heathen should perish for the lack of knowledge of Jesus Christ."
He bequeathed a major portion of his estate to Christian missions, and only one-tenth of it to his first cousins, or if they were deceased, to their children.
[1][17][18] In the 1860's Arthington financed the establishment of a settlement in Liberia, along the Saint Paul River, northeast of the capital city of Monrovia.
His contribution of 1000 pounds sterling to the American Colonization Society supported the migration of emancipated Americans from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia to establish the settlement, named Arthington, Liberia, after him.