They are an uplifted block of Paleozoic rocks on the west side of the Rio Grande Rift.
[2] Robledo was the first casualty of the Oñate expedition, sent to colonize the upper Rio Grande valley.
Rock outcrops in the area preserve numerous examples of early Permian trackways.
These trackways include prints of Dimetrodon, Edaphosaurus, Eryops, Cacops and many other small pelycosaurs.
[3][4] Established in 2019 by the U.S. Congress, the Robledo Mountains Wilderness protects this ecologically diverse portion of the Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico.