Romania competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

159 competitors, 132 men and 27 women, took part in 102 events in 16 sports.

Men's 3m Springboard: Men's 10m Platform: Women's 3m Springboard: Women's 10m Platform: 19 fencers, 15 men and 4 women, represented Romania in 1972.

Three male pentathletes represented Romania in 1972.

Daniel Iuga won silver in the 50 m pistol and Nicolae Rotaru won bronze in the 50 m rifle, prone event.