Located in the southeastern corner of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Cabell County, West Virginia, lies across the Ohio River to the east and south.

It is the farthest upstream of Lawrence County's Ohio River townships.

Athalia, the second-smallest village in Lawrence County, is located midway along Rome Township's shoreline.

Miller, an unincorporated community and census-designated place, is directly north of Athalia.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.