There are two species in the genus Romneya, which was named for Irish astronomer John Thomas Romney Robinson.

They are notable for their large, satiny white flowers and intense boss of yellow stamens, blooming in late spring and summer.

[8] These flowers prefer a warm, sunny spot against a south-facing wall with fertile soil with good water drainage.

In the wild, they are known as "fire followers" because they need smoke to germinate[11] and can be frequently, but not exclusively, found in burned areas.

[5] Matilija poppies were reportedly used medicinally by the Chumash to treat skin and gum problems, and stomach aches.