María del Rosario Robles Berlanga (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈsaɾjo ˈroβles]; born 17 February 1956) is a Mexican politician who served as the Secretary of Social Development in the cabinet of Enrique Peña Nieto.

[1] She also was substitute Head of Government of the Federal District (Mayor of Mexico City) when Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas resigned from the post to run for the Mexican presidential election in 2000.

[2] Her term in office was highly controversial for an intensive media campaign in her government promoting her personal image, the high cost of which raised corruption concerns, and for introducing her political allies to entrepreneur Carlos Ahumada, who videotaped himself giving large cash quantities to the former politician Rene Bejarano.

Rosario Robles is currently involved in one of the biggest racketeering scandals: La Estafa Maestra [es] (Master scam).

Published on 5 September 2017, the investigation unveiled a system of 128 ghost companies through which the Mexican Federal Government diverted more than 400 million dollars through a network of money diversions that involved 11 state agencies, eight public universities, various private companies and more than 50 public servants of different levels of government.