RN1 runs approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) from Koutougou on the Mali border in the west to N'Guigmi in the east, via Tillabery, Niamey, Dosso, Maradi, Zinder, and Diffa.
The first large paved section, between Gouré and N'Guigmi, was surfaced in 1971–72.
It was named the "Route de l'Unité" ("the Unity Highway") in the 1970s.
By 1980, it was joined by the second longest all-weather road in Niger, the "Uranium Highway," running from Niamey to Arlit in the far north.
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