[1][a] It represents the maximum amount of insulin that beta cells can produce per time-unit (e.g. in one second).
[1] It has the additional advantage that it circumvents the HOMA-blind zone, which renders the calculation of HOMA-Beta impossible if the fasting glucose concentration is 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL) or below.
[4] Together with the reconstructed insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR), SPINA-GBeta provides the foundation for the definition of a fasting based disposition index of insulin-glucose homeostasis (SPINA-DI).
[4] In combination with SPINA-GR and whole-exome sequencing, calculating SPINA-GBeta helped to identify a new form of monogenetic diabetes (MODY) that is characterised by primary insulin resistance and results from a missense variant of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene (p.N2291D).
[4] In a longitudinal evaluation of the NHANES study, a large sample of the general US population, over 10 years, reduced SPINA-GBeta significantly predicted all-cause mortality.