Her defrauding $11.5 billion and corruption is considered the largest fraud scandal in Southeast Asia's history[7][8] and led to her arrest in 2022, causing a bank run.

[19] On October 6, 2022, Truong My Lan, chairwoman of Van Thinh Phat Group, was arrested on charges of fraud in the issuance and trading of An Dong bonds.

[34][35] Customers responded by accusing SCB of being deliberately vague in their advice, and using high interest rates to lure them into switching to buying bonds.

[37] As of January 2024, police supposedly tried to find about 42,000 defrauded depositors who had not received interest or principal payments since the arrest of Lan in October 2022.

[38] In March 2024, the judge presiding over the trial of Trương Mỹ Lan said that "SCB should have been placed under special control by the government in 2018", but because of a bribed report by an inspector at the State Bank of Vietnam "the decision was delayed until 2022.

Under Vietnamese law her sentence may be commuted to life imprisonment if she returns three-quarters of the approximately US$12 billion she was convicted of embezzling (it was reported that actual damage may have been $27b).