It is part of the Ocotlán District in the south of the Valles Centrales Region Its population is less than 5,000, but it was the scene of a number of violent confrontations in the 2000s.

[3][4] The town was founded in 1649 by Nicolás Hernández, Martín Ángel Toledo and Manuel Salmerón on lands which had been granted to their families earlier in the colonial era.

The Coordinadora de Pueblos Unidos por la Defensa del Agua is based in the town in order to protect farmers’ rights.

This group claims that the lack of water is making the farming of flowers and vegetables untenable and forcing farmers to migrate to the United States.

A general assembly was called and the disavowal of municipal government was approved, replacing it with the “Ayuntamiento Popular de San Antonino Castillo Velasco” (People's City Council of San Antonino Castillo Velasco).

[9] A rock smashed the window of the main door of the house of Gonzalo Alonso García, who was recognized by the PRI as the municipal president in 2006,[9] but most of the violence since 2006 has been blamed on the ousted municipal government of Joel López Sánchez and the PRI political party which has ruled Oaxaca since 1929.

[9] The People's council continued to govern and occupy the municipal palace, with a number of supporters protecting the building at night.

The leader of the People's City Council, Juan Valentín Aguilar Pérez, stated that the 100 or so PRI supporters were led by the former municipal president personally.

[8] The confrontation between the People's Council and PRI resulted in over 25 injured, including Aguilar Pérez and three members of Radio Calenda.

[1] Later, Oaxaca state authorities arrested four PRI sympathizers accused of participating in the 2007 assault on occupiers of the municipal palace and the illegal detainment of several protesters during the event.

The Asociacion Mundial de Radios Comunitarias de Mexico (World Association of Community Radio of Mexico) or AMARC has issued a plea to federal and state authorities to protect the station and arrest the former municipal president, who they claim is behind the attacks.

The confrontation was sparked by the placement of a sign on Federal Highway 175 by the Secretariat of Communication and Transportation and the municipality of San Antonino to indicate the latter's existence to travelers.

This church is the focus of several religious celebrations including the feast of the Señor de la Sacristía on 19 February.

This is a cultural center for residents, which offers classes in theatre, music, sculpture, painting and ceramics.

[4][20] Most embroiderers learn the craft from their mothers and grandmothers,[20] with larger items such as dresses taking months of work to complete.

[3] Many of the orders for crafts made with the flor inmortal are for religious ceremonies, such as festivals for patron saints, such as church decorations.

Crops are harvested in the fall, so the flower appears in abundance for Day of the Dead and the annual Noche de Rábanos (Night of the Radishes) festival in the city of Oaxaca.

[3][22] As municipal seat, the town of San Antonino Castillo Velazco is the governing authority over the communities of Lachicuvica, Esquina de la Piedra, La Azucena and El Zompantle,[23] as well as unsettled lands with total an area of 33.17km2.

[3] Agriculture is important here with principle crops being flowers, corn, beans and castor oil plants.

The soil here consists of a thin layer of decomposed volcanic rock with ten cm or less depth.