Phytoplasmas are pleomorphic and fragile organisms occupying relatively small areas within the sieve tubes (phloem) of the host plants.
Sandal spike phytoplasma is a pleomorphic microorganism and are the smallest organism capable of independent replication (i.e. does not need a host).
[1] For non-specific detection of sandal spike phytoplasma by light microscopy Giemsa and Dienes’ stain are employed.
[2] Scientists at Kerala Forest Research Institute, India had reported employing the polymerase chain reaction technique for detecting sandal spike phytoplasma.
[citation needed] For raising polyclonal antibodies against sandal spike phytoplasma, the pathogen is purified by differential filtration technique.