At this site there was a roadside aedicule with a 14th-century image of the Madonna known as the Maestà delle Forche (Majesty of the gallows).
Tradition has held that it was either by or inspired directly by a plan by Bramante, but it would have to have been a posthumous derivation since that architect died in 1514.
Some have attributed the design to the architect Valentino Martelli from Perugia,[2] but also claimed it was derivative from the models of either the other Sistine Chapel (circa 1585–1590) in Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome[3] or the church of Santa Maria della Consolazione (1588) in Montefalco.
Construction of this church continuted until the early decades of the 17th-century, employing the direction of other local architects Giovanni Domenico Bianchi, and starting in 1594, Ippolito Scalza from Orvieto.
[6] However, recent scholarship has also unearthed at the library of the Accademia di San Luca in Rome, a plan of an externally quadrangular and internally hexagonal church, found in an anonymous folio belonging to the Bolognese architect Octavian Mascarino (1536-1606).