[2] The native population is endemic to Saratoga Springs, a small wetland in Death Valley National Park in the United States.

Most divergence of Cyprinodon species likely took place during the early-to-mid Pleistocene, a time when pluvial lakes intermittently filled the now-desert region, though some may have occurred during the last 10,000 years.

[2] Male Saratoga Springs pupfish are bright blue in color, while females are a drab olive-brown.

A 30-foot (9.1 m) diameter, 3–6 feet (0.91–1.83 metres) deep spring pool overflows into several ponds totaling about 4–6 acres (1.6–2.4 ha).

[4] A population was introduced at Lake Tuendae, an artificial pond in Zzyzx, California, but reports conflict as to its continued survival there.

[4] In order to protect the pupfish and several other sensitive species, the National Park Service prohibits visitors from entering the wetland at Saratoga Springs.