The regency has an area of 5,935.89 km2 and had a population of 246,245 at the 2010 census[2] and 290,047 at the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 302,243 (comprising 154,045 males and 148,198 females).

At the 2020 Census, Sarolangun Regency comprised ten districts (kecamatan), but in 2022 a new Mandiangin Timur (East Mandiangin) District was created from the eastern part of Mandiangin District.

[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (a total of 149 rural desa and 16 urban kelurahan), and its post code.

Notes: (a) includes one kelurahan (the admin centre).

(b) comprises thirteen kelurahan (Aur Gading I, Aur Gading II, Simpang Raya Luar, Simpang Raya Dalam, Dusun Sarolangun, Gunung Kembang, Tanjung Rambai, Pasar Atas Sarolangun, Pasar Bawah Sarolangun, Sarolangun Kembang, Sri Pelayang Ilir, Sukasari I and Sukasari II) and ten desa.