Menominee and Sauk Native Americans lived in the area until the 1830s when the U.S. Federal Government forced them to leave Wisconsin.

The town has thousands of acres of undeveloped, biodiverse bogs, coniferous swamps, and primeval beech-maple forests.

Among other landforms, the Cedarburg Bog contains a string bog—a geographic feature that seldom occurs as far south as Wisconsin—which contains many plant species rarely seen outside remote parts of Canada.

[4] The Native Americans were forced to leave Wisconsin in the 1830s, and white settlers arrived in the area around 1845 and began to build along Green Bay Road.

Much of the community is located on the Racine Dolomite formation that stretches through eastern Wisconsin and Illinois.

There were also white cedars growing along the Milwaukee River and several thousand acres of coniferous swamp in Saukville's southwest quadrant.

The Cedarburg Beech Woods State Natural Area in the western part of the town has old growth endemic trees with minimal damage from logging and retains the character of the pre-settlement beech-maple forests.

Fish and Wildlife Service also considers the Cedarburg Bog to be an important habitat for the endangered Hine's emerald dragonfly.

[8] Other bogs in the town include black spruce swamps, which rarely occur at such southerly latitudes.

[8] As land development continues to reduce wild areas, wildlife is forced into closer proximity with human communities like Saukville.

Large mammals, including white-tailed deer, coyotes, North American river otters and red foxes can be seen in the town.

[11] The region struggles with many invasive species, including the emerald ash borer, common carp, reed canary grass, the common reed, purple loosestrife, garlic mustard, Eurasian buckthorns, and honeysuckles.

Saukville is organized as a town governed by an elected board, comprising a chairman and two supervisors.

Located at the Riveredge Nature Center in the northwestern Town of Saukville near the municipal boundary with the Village of Newburg, the school serves children from kindergarten through fifth grade.

The field station grounds and laboratories are not open to the general public, but are used by university students and faculty to conduct biological and ecological research.

The bus operates Monday through Friday with limited hours corresponding to peak commute times.

[20][23] The Wisconsin and Southern Railroad operates a freight line passing through the eastern part of the town.