Scientific modelling
It requires selecting and identifying relevant aspects of a situation in the real world and then developing a model to replicate a system with those features.
By a model is meant a mathematical construct which, with the addition of certain verbal interpretations, describes observed phenomena.
The justification of such a mathematical construct is solely and precisely that it is expected to work—that is, correctly to describe phenomena from a reasonably wide area.There is also an increasing attention to scientific modelling[4] in fields such as science education,[5] philosophy of science, systems theory, and knowledge visualization.
The aim of these attempts is to construct a formal system that will not produce theoretical consequences that are contrary to what is found in reality.
Predictions or other statements drawn from such a formal system mirror or map the real world only insofar as these scientific models are true.
[10] For instance, models that are rendered in software allow scientists to leverage computational power to simulate, visualize, manipulate and gain intuition about the entity, phenomenon, or process being represented.
[11] Models are typically used when it is either impossible or impractical to create experimental conditions in which scientists can directly measure outcomes.
A steady-state simulation provides information about the system at a specific instant in time (usually at equilibrium, if such a state exists).
Such a simulation can be useful for testing, analysis, or training in those cases where real-world systems or concepts can be represented by models.
[15] Structure is a fundamental and sometimes intangible notion covering the recognition, observation, nature, and stability of patterns and relationships of entities.
From a child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis of the properties of magnetic fields, the concept of structure is an essential foundation of nearly every mode of inquiry and discovery in science, philosophy, and art.
[16] A system is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole.
A case in point is Newtonian physics, which is highly useful except for the very small, the very fast, and the very massive phenomena of the universe.
Examples from history include cave paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Greek geometry, and Leonardo da Vinci's revolutionary methods of technical drawing for engineering and scientific purposes.
The figure shows how modelling and simulation is used as a central part of an integrated program in a defence capability development process.
