Security engineering

[2] This paper, later expanded in 1979,[3] provided many of the fundamental information security concepts, labelled today as Cybersecurity, that impact modern computer systems, from cloud implementations to embedded IoT.

Recent catastrophic events, most notably 9/11, have made security engineering quickly become a rapidly-growing field.

Security engineering involves aspects of social science, psychology (such as designing a system to "fail well", instead of trying to eliminate all sources of error), and economics as well as physics, chemistry, mathematics, criminology architecture, and landscaping.

However, an undergraduate and/or graduate degree, often in computer science, computer engineering, or physical protection focused degrees such as Security Science, in combination with practical work experience (systems, network engineering, software development, physical protection system modelling etc.)

All of this knowledge must be braced by professional attributes including strong communication skills and high levels of literacy for engineering report writing.

Secure systems have to resist not only technical attacks, but also coercion, fraud, and deception by confidence tricksters.

Methods include placing Jersey barriers, stairs or other sturdy obstacles outside tall or politically sensitive buildings to prevent car and truck bombings.