Sednoid

A sednoid is a trans-Neptunian object with a large semi-major axis and a high perihelion, similar to the orbit of the dwarf planet Sedna.

[4] If they formed in their current locations, their orbits must originally have been circular; otherwise accretion (the coalescence of smaller bodies into larger ones) would not have been possible because the large relative velocities between planetesimals would have been too disruptive.

In late 2015, V774104 was announced at the Division for Planetary Science conference as a further candidate sednoid, but its observation arc was too short to know whether its perihelion was even outside Neptune's influence.

[24] Malena Rice and Gregory Laughlin applied a targeted shift-stacking search algorithm to analyze data from TESS sectors 18 and 19 looking for candidate outer Solar System objects.

[25] Their search recovered known objects like Sedna and produced 17 new outer Solar System body candidates located at geocentric distances in the range 80–200 AU, that need follow-up observations with ground-based telescope resources for confirmation.

Early results from a survey with the William Herschel Telescope aimed at recovering these distant TNO candidates have failed to confirm two of them.

[26][27] Each of the proposed mechanisms for Sedna's extreme orbit would leave a distinct mark on the structure and dynamics of any wider population.

The perturbations from passing stars would produce a wide variety of perihelia and inclinations, each dependent on the number and angle of such encounters.

The orbits of the three known sednoids with Neptune's 30 AU circular orbit in blue.
The apparent magnitudes of the three known sednoids.
Discovery image of Sedna , the eponymous and first known sednoid
Orbits and positions of three known sednoids (labeled in pink) and various other extreme trans-Neptunian objects as of 2021
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