The psychological process of utilizing self-propaganda can negatively influence values and beliefs,[1] and subsequent perceptions and judgments, thus becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Confirmation bias and cognitive dissonance can cause people to further perpetuate the propaganda, reaffirming or reinforcing their beliefs despite contradicting evidence.
Speculation arose that Facebook was polarizing users for the 2016 United States presidential election, and was further developing their bias towards their preconceived beliefs.
A group of Alcoholic's Anonymous reaffirming one another that they are strong and can conquer their addiction is a positive form of communal reinforcement.
American psychology professor Nicholas DiFonzo found that when Republicans and Democrats were separated and asked to discuss rumors about the other party, they would polarize.
This group of "involuntarily celibate" individuals would post often about how they felt they were being wronged by society for what they viewed as bad genetics.