Usually periostitis (new bone growth) occurs along with sesamoiditis, and the suspensory ligament may also be affected.

Sesamoiditis results in inflammation, pain, and eventually bone growth.

In humans, excessive forces caused by sudden bending upwards of the big toe, high heels, or a stumble can contribute to sesamoiditis.

Treatment in humans consists of anti-inflammatory medication, cortisone injections, strapping to immobilize the big toe, and orthotics with special accommodations to keep pressure off the affected bone.

In horses, sesamoiditis is generally caused by excess stress on the fetlock joint.