[2] The hoard contained a tetradrachm minted in Athens circa 500/490–485/0 BCE, or possibly as early as 520 BCE, together with a number of local types as well as silver cast ingots.

[1] This hoard exists in the context of the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley.

These are different from the punch-marked bent bars found in Taxila, which are significantly longer (35 and 55 mm).

[2] The hoard also contained round "punch-marked" coins, the punch mark consisting in a geometrical motif made of a central circle with line around.

This shows that coins were being manufactured in Pushkalavati by the 5th century BCE, and that the metallurgical techniques involved in coin minting were readily available in the Indian Satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire at that time, well before the arrival of Alexander the Great.