It is also home to the Japanese macaque, making it the northernmost natural habitat for monkeys anywhere in the world.
Shimokita District was part of ancient Kita County (北郡, Kita-gun), established by the Northern Fujiwara.
During the Edo period, the area was part of the Morioka han feudal domain of the Nanbu clan, with a daikansho located in Tanabu (now part of the city of Mutsu.
In November 1869, Kita-gun and neighboring Sannohe District became part of the newly created Tonami Domain (斗南藩, Tonami-han), a 30,000 koku holding created to resettle the dispossessed Matsudaira clan from Aizu-Wakamatsu.
In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the number of villages was reduced through consolidations and mergers to nine.