Schuldiner is Mathilda Marks-Kennedy Professor at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

From 1973 to 1976 he did postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Howard Ronald Kaback at the Roche Institute for Molecular Biology in Nutley, New Jersey.

In 1976 he returned to Israel and joined the Department of Molecular Biology at Hadassah Medical School, and in 1990 he moved to the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

His son Oren[4] and his daughter-in-law Maya Schuldiner [5][6] are also research biologists, working at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

[7][8] His work on the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT), elucidating its mechanism of action,[9][10] is essential for the development of better drugs for brain disorders.