As in most other Slavic languages, changes to consonants and vowels often occur between related forms of words.
[3] When endings begin with -o-, this vowel usually becomes -e- after a soft stem; this is called "preglas" in Slovene.
For example, the instrumental singular form of korak "step" is korakom, while for stric "uncle" it is stricem.
These instances can be traced back to an earlier nasal vowel ǫ in Proto-Slavic, which did not undergo this change.
[4][5] For example, the noun igra "game" has the genitive plural form iger, not igr.
However, if the stem ends in lj, nj or rj, then the fill vowel is the normal e and is inserted before both consonants.
The noun ogenj "fire", for example, loses the fill vowel in the genitive singular form ognja.
There are 6 cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and instrumental) and 3 numbers (singular, dual, and plural).
For instance: kemijska in fizikalna sprememba (chemical and physical change), fotografski aparat (photographic device (=camera)).
For example: barvin sijaj (the colour's shine), Karmenina torbica (Karmen's handbag), delavska halja (workers' overall).
There are two special adjectives which have special definite and indefinite forms for all genders and all cases, namely majhen (small) and velik (big) (the definite forms are mali and veliki respectively): The adjective matches the subject or the predicate article to which it is ascribed.
[4][5] In Slovenian, verbs are conjugated for 3 persons and 3 numbers (singular, dual, and plural).
There are 4 tenses (present, past, pluperfect, and future), 3 moods (indicative, imperative, and conditional) and 2 voices (active and passive).
Other types of adverb are derived from nouns (doma (at home), jeseni (in autumn)), prepositional constructions (naglas (aloud), pozimi (in winter), potem (then)), verbs (nevede (unknowingly), skrivoma (secretly), mimogrede (by the way)) or numerals (see adverbial numeral).
[4] This is because unlike in English, the form of the verb gives all applicable information such as the gender, grammatical number and person by itself.
The reflexive pronoun begins with s- and is used to refer back to the subject, or to some other word.
[8] For example: Similarly as in English, the reflexive pronoun can sometimes be replaced by the reciprocal phrase drug drugega "each other, one another".
[4][5] The interrogatives kdo and kaj, can also refer to any unspecified person or object, or one that can be chosen at will.
In addition to marsi-, other prefixes are possible, such as redko- (redkokdo "rarely anyone"), mnogo- (mnogokdo, same as marsikdo, although perhaps somewhat less usual) and malo- (malokdo "few (people)").
The sentence "She has taken her towel into the bathroom" can be translated into the following two ways: Quantitative adverbial pronouns are non-inflected at all times.
Examples: An interjection is ordinarily an uninflected word expressing mental states, encouragement towards actions, greetings or mocking of sounds and voices.
[3][4] For example, a table of the English expression "I will see" ("Jaz bom videl") with gender for he ("on") and she ("ona") without it ("ono") can be written as: can be translated into Slovene as: Slovene has singular and plural but also has the rare dual grammatical number, a separate form of every noun used when there are only two such items (except for natural pairs, such as trousers, eyes, for which the plural is used).
Dual grammatical number was a feature of the Proto-Slavic language which has been retained by Slovene.
The first phrase sounds much more romantic and intimate to a Slovene, a style that is impossible to translate into English, which lacks the dual grammatical number.