Snow tire

Studs abrade dry pavement, causing dust and creating wear in the wheel path.

They are quieter than winter tires on clear roads, but less capable on snow or ice.

[5] Snow or ice-covered roadways present lower braking and cornering friction, compared to dry conditions.

However, as temperatures rise above −2 °C (28 °F), the presence of free water increasingly lubricates the snow or ice and diminishes tire friction.

Such tires are prohibited in other jurisdictions or during warmer months because of the damage they may cause to road surfaces.

[7] The metal studs are fabricated by encapsulating a hard pin in a softer material base, sometimes called the jacket.

A proper stud insertion results in the metal jacket that is flush with the surface of the tire tread having only the pin part that protrudes.

[10] The compacted snow develops strength against slippage along a shear plane parallel to the contact area of the tire on the ground.

At the same time, the bottom of the tire treads compress the snow on which they are bearing, also creating friction.

Deeper snow means that climbing a hill without spinning the powered wheels becomes more difficult.

ASTM International F1805 (formalized in the year 1999) [11] The IMP (Icy Mountain Peak) indicates 18% better deceleration on ice.

Winter tire, showing tread pattern designed to compact snow in the gaps. [ 1 ]
Snow tire with metal studs, which improve traction on icy surfaces.
Nokian bicycle winter tyre
Tire showing the ASTM 3PMSF (Three-Peak Mountain Snow Flake) symbol, denoting a qualifying snow tire, and a separate snow flake symbol, that recommends tire replacement with 4 millimetres (0.16 in) of tread remaining [ 13 ]
A Czech road sign Winter equipment, which mandates the use of snow tires
Russian studded tires warning sticker.