[4][5] In 2008,[citation needed] MIT Press launched a Software Studies book series[6] with an edited volume of essays (Fuller's Software Studies: A Lexicon),[7] and the first academic program was launched, (Lev Manovich, Benjamin H. Bratton, and Noah Wardrip-Fruin's "Software Studies Initiative" at U. California San Diego).
[8][verification needed] In 2011, a number of mainly British researchers established Computational Culture, an open-access peer-reviewed journal.
The journal provides a platform for "inter-disciplinary enquiry into the nature of the culture of computational objects, practices, processes and structures.
"[9] Software studies is closely related to a number of other emerging fields in the digital humanities that explore functional components of technology from a social and cultural perspective.
Software studies' focus is at the level of the entire program, specifically the relationship between interface and code.