The Soviet Union (USSR) competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.

295 competitors, 255 men and 40 women, took part in 141 events in 18 sports.

[2] The USSR finished second in the final medal rankings, with 22 gold and 71 total medals.

Three male pentathletes represented the Soviet Union in 1952.

The Soviet Union had 26 male rowers participate in all seven rowing events in 1952.