Romania competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.

114 competitors, 103 men and 11 women, took part in 67 events in 15 sports.

[1] Men's Individual Road Race (190.4 km) Men's 1.000m Time Trial Men's 1.000m Sprint Scratch Race Eight fencers, all men, represented Romania in 1952.

Romania had nine male rowers participate in one out of seven rowing events in 1952.

Iosif Sîrbu won gold in the 50 m rifle, prone event and Gheorghe Lichiardopol won bronze in the 25 m pistol.