Typically, when metal is being formed at room temperature, it will undergo both plastic and elastic deformation.
In the case of complex tools, spring back must be considered in the engineering and construction phases.
The NUMISHEET 93 conference benchmark problem involves the draw bending of a U-channel using three measured parameters.
The mechanical properties of copper and aluminum are very different and require different programmable inputs in order to achieve the same dimensional characteristics.
Because no adjustments are required, material waste amounts and setup times drop considerably.