The king permitted the construction of the hospital in 1650, and in 1655 they also managed to obtain permission for setting up the church and a small convent near it.

The church's construction was under the supervision of Italian architects, Carlo Ferrarini and Francesco Maria Milazzo.

[2] The church is in the form of a Greek cross and has a large dome with Latin inscriptions from the Gospel of Matthew on its inside.

The Corinthian style facade of the church has four granite statues of Saints Peter, Paul, John the Evangelist and Matthew.

The main altar is based on the one at Church of San Nicolo, Verona, and was ordered in 1713 by the Theatines under the patronage of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.