Located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, the school is conducted by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and is named for the Irish Saint Laurence O'Toole.

St. Laurence became co-ed beginning with the 2017–2018 school year after Queen of Peace closed.

Currently, AERO Special Education Cooperative occupies the former Queen of Peace campus, with new accessible construction completed in 2023.

St. Laurence sponsors interscholastic teams in baseball, basketball, bowling, cheer, cross country, dance, eSports, flag football, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis, track and field, volleyball, and wrestling, which compete in IHSA sponsored state championship tournaments.

[9] The following teams have finished in the top four at the IHSA state tournament in their respective class:[10]