[6] A proposition for how we generate a 3D surface representation of an object is that our visual system uses the spatial and temporal integration of information to detect the structure.
Studies have shown that MT, rather than V1 (the primary visual cortex), is directly involved in the generation of the SFM perception.
However, V1 neuron activities are indirectly related to SFM perception, which receives general feedback from MT.
[4][13] Also, one essential condition for SFM perception to occur accurately is that the projection of the object must has simultaneously changing contour and lines.
[7] Given such mechanism, human visual system can derive an accurate model of SFM even with the presence of noise.