Success

This is an accepted version of this page Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations.

Finding useful and effective criteria, or heuristics, to judge the failure or success of a situation may itself be a significant task.

[6] Natural selection is the variation in successful survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

For example, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading.

Carol Dweck, a Stanford University psychologist, primarily researches motivation, personality, and development as related to implicit theories of intelligence, her key contribution to education the 2006 book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.

Growth mindset is a learning focus that embraces challenge and supports persistence in the face of setbacks.

As a result of growth mindset, individuals have a greater sense of free will and are more likely to continue working toward their idea of success despite setbacks.

Malcolm Gladwell's 2008 book Outliers: The Story of Success suggests that the notion of the self-made man is a myth.

Gladwell argues that the success of entrepreneurs such as Bill Gates is due to their circumstances, as opposed to their inborn talent.

Scientific theories can also achieve success more indirectly, by suggesting other ideas that turn out correct.

Although this idea was itself incorrect, it motivated him to pursue the work that led to the discoveries now known as Kepler's laws, which were pivotal in the development of astronomy and physics.

A study done in 2008 notes that CEOs are depressed at more than double the rate of the public at large, suggesting that this is not a phenomenon exclusive to celebrities.

A Nigerian man receives the smallpox vaccine in February 1969, as part of a global program that successfully eradicated the disease from the human population.
Graph of cosmic microwave background spectrum measured by the FIRAS instrument on the COBE , the most precisely measured black body spectrum in nature. [ 18 ] The error bars are too small to be seen even in an enlarged image, and it is impossible to distinguish the observed data from the theoretical curve.