At Sulz a powerline for traction current crosses the Neckar Valley in a large span, which is mounted on two 61-metre-tall electricity pylons.

The city is situated between Black Forest and Swabian Jura as well as between Stuttgart and Lake Constance at the Neckar at an altitude of 410 to 675 m. Sulz has with a size of 87,60 km2 the largest municipal area in the Rottweil (district).

The city of Sulz is divided into the core city of Sulz with its two districts Sulz-Kastell and Sulz-Schillerhöhe as well as the nine districts Bergfelden, Dürrenmettstetten, Fischingen, Glatt, Holzhausen, Hopfau, Mühlheim, Renfrizhausen, Sigmarswangen The first traces of settlement date back to the Celts period, evidenced by a series of burial mounds and a square enclosure.

A Roman military camps Fort Sulz was built around the year 74 AD on a hill south of the present-day town centre.

Probably from 1250 onwards, the Lords of Geroldseck ruled over the town and the salt works, while the Counts of Sulz were pushed back to marginal possessions; the process has not yet been fully explained.

Between 1301 and 1473 the town was the seat of the line of the Geroldseckers, who resided here, but despite some inheritances they experienced a steady economic decline in the 15th century and finally had to sell it to Württemberg under massive pressure in 1473.

Towards the end of the Second World War, a subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was established in Sulz am Neckar.

In 1944, Gestapo men interrogated and tortured Polish forced labourers suspected of being associated with a resistance organisation in the former district court prison.

With the dissolution of the district Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern, which took place at the same time, Sulz became part of the region of Freiburg.

The office of the school dean responsible for the Protestant church district Sulz a. N. is located in Freudenstadt.