The Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR was established pursuant to constitutional reforms within the Uzbek SSR, which changed the organization of main political organs of the republic.

In reality, the Supreme Soviet's power was limited to approving decisions made by the Communist Party of Uzbekistan.

The Oliy Majlis replaced the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan in February 1995.

Over the 53 years of its existence, the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR had a total of twelve convocations.

The 12th and final convocation consisted of 500 deputies, which elected Islam Karimov as the President of the Uzbek SSR in 1990 and declared Uzbekistan's independence on August 31, 1991.