A single species, S. acrensis, was described from the Late Miocene (between the Mayoan and Huayquerian SALMA, between 11.6 to 5.3 million years ago) of the Madre de Dios Formation, South America.

[2] Surameryx acrensis was first named and described in 2014, based on the fossil jaw discovered in the Madre de Dios Formation extending along the Acre River in the area between Cobija, Bolivia and Assis Brasil.

The authors also noted that the teeth of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis are very worn and the heavy wear has played a part in confounding and obscuring some of the dental features.

The authors believed that the original interpretation of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis as a dromomerycine was heavily influenced by its supposed Miocene age.

According to Gasparini et al., if the preserved morphology of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis is the only information considered, it is best interpreted as fossil material of a deer of uncertain specific identity, likely an old individual with a dental age greater than seven years.