[2] There is still speculation on the formation of the caudal cell mass in humans with arguments being made for it arising from many cavities or the continuing growth of the neurocoele from the initial neurulation.
[3] The caudal cell mass will ultimately differentiate and form into many sacral structures such various nerve endings and the conus medullaris.
[4] The caudal cell mass plays a role in many diseases and abnormalities related to the spinal cord.
Patients with caudal regression syndrome can experience a varying degree of the abnormality ranging from partial lack of the tail bone and pelvis to more significant cases where there may be paralysis and, as a result, inhibited function in the bowel and bladder.
These genetic defects were found to have a much higher rate of incidence in births to mothers with gestational diabetes.