Tavan Tolgoi (Mongolian: Таван толгой, also Tavantolgoi, Tavantolgoy, "Five Hill") is one of the world's largest untapped coking and thermal coal deposits, located in Tsogttsetsii, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia.

The Tavan Talgoi deposit was discovered by a Soviet exploration team that included the first Mongolian geologist Jaltsavyn Dugersuren in 1945, and exploratory drilling and feasibility studies continued until 1985.

[11] Erdenes MGL LLC was formed as a wholly government-owned company in 2007, and later that year the government renationalised Tavan Tolgoi, leaving Energy Resources with the Ukhaa Khudag section.

Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi plays a pivotal role in the country's economy and recently funded a $100 cash dividend for all citizens amid rising pollution concerns in Ulaanbaatar.

In July 2011 it was reported that the government had awarded the contract to mine West Tsankhi to China's Shenhua Group, a Russian-led consortium, and US miner Peabody Energy Corporation.

Recently, Dr Graeme Hancock (COO of ETT) cited the difficulty in managing the multiple companies interested in the consortium.

[18] The East Tsankhi section is fully owned by Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi, who chose the Macmahon Holdings and BBM Operta joint venture to mine the site.

[19][20] In September 2012 it was reported that the mine was on track to extract 3.5 million tonnes of coal [22] In 2010 the Mongolian government decided on a plan to float 30% of Erdenes TT in an IPO on the Hong Kong, London and Ulaanbaatar stock exchanges; however this was later reduced to 20% in January 2012.

There is speculation that the Hong Kong listing may be dropped, but this has been denied by the company [25][26] The Ukhaa Khudag section of Tavan Tolgoi deposit covers an area of 2,960 ha and has reserves of 581 million tonnes.

The road charges other mining companies a fee for use - there are now concerns that trucks are avoiding the toll and driving parallel to it, causing erosion and pollution issues.