Terbium compounds
[33] It can also be obtained by reacting terbium(III,IV) oxide with carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide at high temperature.
[34] It reacts with hydrofluoric acid solution to give terbium(III) fluoride hemihydrate.
[39] It can be obtained by reacting terbium(III) chloride or terbium(III) fluoride with fluorine gas at 320 °C:[40] When TbF4 and CsF is mixed in a stoichiometric ratio, in a fluorine gas atmosphere, CsTbF5 is obtained.
They can be prepared by the reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide and anhydrous terbium halide in tetrahydrofuran, such as:[43] However, this compound has limited usage and academic interest.
[44] Like the other lanthanides, metal-carbon σ bonds are found in alkyls of terbium such as [TbMe6]3− and Tb[CH(SiMe3)2]3.
[50] Terbium(III) arsenate is an orthorhombic crystal at 77 K with space group Fddd, and undergoes a phase transition at 27.7 K to form a tetragonal crystal with space group I41/amd,[19] which is a ferromagnet below 1.5 K.[19] It can be produced by reacting sodium arsenate and terbium(III) chloride.
[52] The germanates TbIII13(GeO4)6O7(OH) and K2TbIVGe2O7 can be synthesized at high temperature and pressure, and they are colorless crystals of trigonal and monoclinic systems, respectively.
The technology for manufacturing the material efficiently was developed in the 1980s at Ames Laboratory under a U.S. Navy-funded program.
[70] It possess nearly zero magnetocrystalline anisotropy and so exhibits very large magnetostriction at low magnetic fields.
Magnetic heat treatment is shown to improve the magnetostrictive properties of Terfenol-D at low compressive stress for certain ratios of Tb and Dy.
[72] Victorium[73] (also called monium, meaning "alone", because its spectral lines stood alone at the end of the ultraviolet spectrum[74]) is an alloy of gadolinium and terbium, which was misidentified as a chemical element in 1898 by the English chemist William Crookes.
He identified the new substance, based on an analysis of the unique phosphorescence and other ultraviolet-visible spectral phenomena, as a new chemical element.
However, in 1905, French chemist Georges Urbain had proven that to be false, and in fact, a impurity of gadolinium and terbium.
For example, TbFe2-based compounds can be used as magnetostrictive materials,[77] dielectric Tb3Ga5O12 and Tb3Al5O12 can be used as magneto-optical materials,[60][61][62] terbium(III) fluoride is used for the production of fluoride glasses and electroluminescent thin films and luminescent zinc sulfide[78] and terbium gatifloxacin can be used as drugs.
[80] CePO4:Tb (Cerium phosphate doped terbium) has potential application in biological imaging and cellular labeling.
[84] Its low Young's Modulus brings some complications due to compression at large depths, which are overcome in transducer designs that may reach 1000 ft in depth and only lose a small amount of accuracy of around 1 dB.
[83] Similarly, magnetostrictive actuators have also been considered for use in fuel injectors for diesel engines because of the high stresses that can be produced.
