Dr. Theodor Thilo Neubauer (12 December 1890 – 5 February 1945) was a German communist politician, educator, essayist, historian and anti-Nazi resistance fighter.

He attended high school in Erfurt from 1901 to 1910, then studied history and modern languages for the next three years in Brussels, Jena and Berlin.

[1] Of national-liberal tendency, he enlisted in the army in 1914 with the rank of lieutenant and fought on the Russian front where he was demobilized in 1917 after gas poisoning.

In 1932, Neubauer published the book Deutsche Außenpolitik heute und morgen (German foreign policy today and tomorrow).

He renewed contact with the Communists of the region and set up with Magnus Poser, a carpenter in Jena, a resistance network.

His last known place of residence was the house at Lauchagrundstraße 13/Theodor-Neubauer-Park in Bad Tabarz, on which a commemorative plaque is attached and in front of which a stumbling block is embedded in the sidewalk.