Theodore Rose Cogswell (March 10, 1918 – February 3, 1987) was an American science fiction author.

During the Spanish Civil War, Cogswell served as an ambulance driver for the Republicans as part of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.

He later served in the U.S. Army Air Corp during WWII, where he flew cargo planes over the Burma Road hump, and was discharged with the rank of Captain.

His earliest work to be published in a genre magazine, the novella, "The Spectre General" in Astounding (June 1952), was a humorous story concerning the long-forgotten maintenance brigade of the Imperial Space Marines of a Galactic empire.

Cogswell authored nearly 40 science fiction stories, most of them humorous, and co-authored Spock, Messiah!, one of the earliest novels tied in to the Star Trek franchise.