Theory of sonics
The birth of the theory of sonics[1] is the publication of the book A treatise on transmission of power by vibrations in 1918 by the Romanian scientist Gogu Constantinescu.
ONE of the fundamental problems of mechanical engineering is that of transmitting energy found in nature, after suitable transformation, to some point at which can be made available for performing useful work.
If v is the velocity of which waves travel along the pipe, and n the number of the revolutions of the crank a, then the wavelength λ is:
Assuming that the pipe is finite and closed at the point r situated at a distance which is multiple of λ, and considering that the piston is smaller than wavelength, at r the wave compression is stopped and reflected, the reflected wave traveling back along the pipe.
Suppose the crank a to be rotating uniformly, causing the piston b to reciprocate in the pipe c, which is full of liquid.
Assuming that the pipe is finite and closed at the point r situated at a distance which is a multiple of λ, and considering that the piston is smaller than the wavelength, at r the wave compression is stopped and reflected, the reflected wave traveling back along the pipe.
If we have a vessel d, with a large volume compared with the stroke volume of piston b, the capacity d will act as a spring storing the energy of direct or reflected waves at high pressure, and giving back energy when the pressure falls.
If all valves are closed, there will be a stationary wave with extreme values at λ and λ/2, (points b and d,) where the flow will be zero, and where the pressure will alternate between maximum and minimum values determined by the capacity of the reservoir f. The maximum and minimum points do not move along the pipe, and no energy flows from generator a.
If only valve c is open, since at this point the variation of pressure is always zero, no energy can be taken out by the motor n, and the stationary wave will persist.
Therefore, the relation between the hydromotive force and current can be written as: Using experiments R may be calculated from formula: Where: If we introduce
in the formula, we get: For pipes with a greater diameter, a greater velocity can be achieved for same value of k. The loss of power due to friction is calculated by: Definition: Hydraulic condensers are appliances for making alterations in value of fluid currents, pressures or phases of alternating fluid currents.
The principal function of hydraulic condensers is to counteract inertia effects due to moving masses.
The principal function of hydraulic condensers is to counteract inertial effects due to moving masses.
