In 727, Theudebald expelled Pirmin, the founder of Reichenau Abbey, out of a hatred for Charles Martel (ob odium Karoli), whose influence in Alamannia he detested.
In 742, Theudebald rebelled against the nominal authority of the Merovingian monarchy which was then being exercised by the two mayors of the palace Pepin the Short and Carloman; the Basques, Bavarii, and Saxons all revolted simultaneously.
That same year Theudebald invaded the Duchy of Alsace, then ruled by Duke Liutfrid.
In 744, Pepin invaded the Swabian Jura and chased Theudebald from his mountain redoubt.
In 745, Carloman had to march on the duke again, this time defeating him and executing many at the blood court of Cannstatt.