Timeline of Francis Drake's circumnavigation
[4] During this time, Drake formed the idea to plunder Spanish ships in the Pacific Ocean and John Dee developed a formal proposal for English circumnavigation.
[6] In the plan, Elizabeth directed Drake to pass through the Strait of Magellan and sail north, up the coast of Chile, to 30° south latitude.
[7] From Plymouth Sound, England, Drake navigated into the Atlantic and then the Pacific, successfully plundered Spanish ships and settlements, and eventually departed from the original plan when he continued north of 30° south latitude to what is now Guatulco, Mexico.
[3] Due to treacherous sailing conditions in and around the Strait of Magellan and the possibility that Spaniards would be searching for him along the coast of South America, Drake abandoned the notion of returning to England by reversing his route.
[12] Drake's successful circumnavigation led to him being held with high regard as a sailor and explorer by his contemporaries and he became famous throughout Europe.
He describes the land in positive terms saying that it appeared to be a fair opportunity to perform much needed maintenance on the ship's hulls.
17 August While relations began well with the indigenous Patagonian inhabitants, they turned tragic when Robert Winterhey, a gentleman, demonstrates his bow to them and the string breaks.
On 30 June, all crew members are summoned to the island and Drake addresses the tensions involving Doughty by empaneling a jury and convening a trial for capital crimes.
in July 1578, Drake sent Wynter ashore where he learned from indigenous people that they ate the astringent bark Drimys winteri.
6 October After Golden Hinde and Elizabeth are separated, Wynter returns to the Strait of Magellan instead of the Pacific rendezvous point.
The crew knows the significance of this anchorage: despite conventional wisdom that maintains a continental mass emanates from the south shore of the Strait of Magellan, it is actually a series of islands.
1 November While the aggressiveness of Native Peoples who had prior encounters with Spaniards suggests caution for the English, the first day's transactions get Drake's guard down.
Although directed to pursue as far as Nicaragua, the vessels of 120 soldiers commanded by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa proceed only to Panama before returning without catching Drake.
To avoid alarming Nuestra Seńora de la Concepción's crew by approaching quickly, Drake orders wine jars be dragged behind his ship.
Eleven Spanish crew and passengers seek shelter below deck and leave Antón to stand alone against the English threat.
The haul is immense: 80 pounds of gold, 26 tons of silver, and 13 or 14 chests of reals is removed along with two casks of water, food, tackle, sails, and canvas.
Drake also charges Antón to beg the Viceroy of Peru to spare the lives of the Englishmen captured during John Oxenham's failed expedition.
16–24 March Spanish mariner Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa notes that despite being careened here, Golden Hinde has a serious leak and is in much need of caulking.
Since the men need to refit Golden Hinde, they careen their ship to clean the hull of barnacles and collect food, water, and wood.
Along with the prisoner, Alonso Sanchez Colchero, he take charts and dispatches from the Viceroy and King Philip II that were intended for the Philippine governor.
While in the harbor, Drake prepares for open sea sailing from this location by dismounting his artillery and sealing the gun ports by closing and caulking them.
The crewmen are visited by a large contingent of Coast Miwok who hold a ceremony where they give speeches and place a feathered crown upon Drake's head.
Drake chooses this name for two reasons: first, the white banks and cliffs which he saw were similar to those found on the English coast and, second, because Albion was an archaic name by which the island of Great Britain was known During this stay, Drake treks up and into the country to visit an inland Coast Miwok village.
Fletcher notes the striking difference of the pleasant inland area compared to the cold and foggy shoreline where the men's encampment lies.
In his deposition to the Inquisition, John Drake stated that Maria and three Black men were left on the island "to found a settlement, leaving them rice, seeds and means of making fire.
This is when they learn of the reef's sharp rise from the floor: only a boat length from the ship, sailors sound 300 fathoms and fail to find bottom.
At one point during the dilemma, Fletcher sermonizes that their plight results from God's wrath due to Drake's execution of Doughty.
February 6 The Englishmen find the island to be rich in metals such as gold, silver, copper, and tin which the people work into various forms.
Drake sends a boat ashore to interact with the Java inhabitants and repositions Golden Hinde once more, moving closer to the town.
Fletcher summarizes the voyage at its conclusion as "seeing the wonders of the Lord in the deep, in discouering so many admirable things, in going through with so many strange aduentures, in escaping out of so many dangers, and ouercomming so many difficulties in this our encompassing of this neather globe, and passing round about the world, which we haue related."
