Nepoviruses are transmitted between plants by nematodes, thrips, mites, grasshoppers, and flea beetles.

[1] TRSV is also easily transmitted by sap inoculation and transmission in seeds has been reported.

The virus has a wide host range[6] that includes field grown crops, ornamentals and weeds.

[7] In some areas this virus has caused growers to stop growing affected crops.

Symptoms and virus inclusions of Tobacco ringspot nepovirus in the host Zamia furfuracea, the Cardboard Cycad.