Traffic police

Officers directing traffic typically wear high-visibility clothing to provide visibility and avoid being struck by traffic, ranging from brightly colored uniforms (historically a white patrol cap or helmet with gloves) to neon-colored vests and coats with retroreflective strips.

This is conducted by police officers using vehicles, typically cars or motorcycles but occasionally also aircraft or watercraft, who directly enforce vehicular traffic.

[4][5] To measure a vehicle's speed, the pilots calculate the time it takes to travel between a set of road markings.

These camera feeds are then monitored for visible crimes or incidents such as speeding, reckless driving, or traffic collisions, to which the proper services are then dispatched if needed.

Some traffic cameras can automatically read plates to check for registration and licensing infractions or wants and warrants, or even fine the registered owner of the vehicle without having to dispatch a police unit to issue a ticket.

Created by Thérèse Kirongozi, an engineer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo,[6] the tall solar-powered aluminum robots are positioned in intersections and are able to rotate, but cannot actually move; rather, they contain closed-circuit television cameras in their "eyes" that record offenders for human traffic officers to handle.

[7] The robots also carry red and green lights to direct traffic, and can speak to pedestrians and help them cross roads.

[10][11] However, in some jurisdictions such as Ontario, such practices are illegal, and only law enforcement and authorized personnel can direct traffic due to liability concerns.

[12][13] In the United States, there have been some efforts to transfer traffic stop authority to some DOTs as part of police reform initiatives, most prominently in Berkeley, California, which planned to establish "BerkDOT" to enforce minor traffic violations while still allowing the Berkeley Police Department to handle major violations and road crimes.